Intellectualism and Anti-Intellectualism

I'm primarily more interested in studying anti-intellectualism. It's a fascinating topic because it seems to be popular in the US and Australia. What are the roots? Are there other cultures that more widely embrace (doens't need to be a majority, just widely embraced) anti-intellectualism? What can be learned about the cultures?

It's clearly important to compare those cultures with those embracing intellectualism. Differences, similarities, histories. What moves one Western culture toward intellectualism and one away from it?

I'll try to keep the research to online material, but I'll likely have to re-type research from the library.

First up is a definition of terms.

Dictionary.com provides a pithy, if unfulfilling definition. Wasn't expecting it to be an end-all. And don't draw conclusions because I started with the dictionary (reminiscent of Homer Simpson studying progressively simpler books on marketing until he ends with a dictionary).

"The doctrine that knowledge is derived from pure reason"

Here's a more complete definition.

"As an approach to philosophy and to values, the word intellectualism often has the same meaning as philosophical or psychological rationalism and commonly has the same negative connotations of over-reliance on theoretical models to the detriment of practical living."